##  [Adverb](/hypergrammar-2/what-is-an-adverb)

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An <a id="adverb">adverb</a> can modify a [verb](what-is-a-verb#whatisverb), an [adjective](what-is-an-adjective#adjective), another adverb, a [phrase](building-phrases#bldphr) or a [clause](building-clauses). An adverb indicates manner, time, place, cause or degree; it answers questions such as *how?*, *when?*, *where?* and *how much?*

While some adverbs can be identified by their characteristic *ly* [suffix](word-formation#suffix), most of them must be identified by untangling the grammatical relationships within the [sentence](subject-and-predicate#sentence) or clause. Unlike an adjective, an adverb can be found in various places within the sentence. In the following examples, each of the italicized words is an adverb.

| Example | Explanation |
|---|---|
| The tailor *quickly* made his niece’s prom dress. | The adverb *quickly* modifies the verb *made* and indicates the manner in which (or how fast) the dress was constructed. |
| The midwives *patiently* waited through the 18-hour labour. | The adverb *patiently* modifies the verb *waited* and describes the manner in which the midwives waited. |
| The *boldly* spoken words would return to haunt the computer programmer. | The adverb *boldly* modifies the adjective *spoken*. |
| His supervisor urged him to respond to clients’ queries more *expeditiously*. | The adverb *more* modifies the adverb *expeditiously*. |
| *Unfortunately*, the bank closed at three today. | The adverb *unfortunately* modifies the entire sentence. |

## Conjunctive adverbs

A <a id="conjunctiveadverb">conjunctive adverb</a> joins two clauses together. Some of the most common conjunctive adverbs are *also*, *consequently*, *finally*, *furthermore*, *hence*, *however*, *incidentally*, *indeed*, *instead*, *likewise*, *meanwhile*, *nevertheless*, *next*, *nonetheless*, *otherwise*, *still*, *then*, *therefore* and *thus*. Note that a conjunctive adverb is **not** strong enough to join two [independent clauses](using-clauses-as-nouns-adjectives-and-adverbs#independentclause) without the aid of a [semicolon](the-semicolon).

The italicized words in the following sentences are conjunctive adverbs:

- The government has cut university budgets; *consequently*, class sizes have been increased.
- Joe did not have all the ingredients the recipe called for; *therefore*, he decided to make something else.
- The report recommended several changes to the ways the corporation accounted for donations; *furthermore*, it suggested that a new auditor be appointed immediately.
- The crowd waited patiently for three hours; *finally*, the doors to the stadium were opened.
- The police searched the building; *however*, the suspect had already escaped through a basement window.

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© Département d’anglais, Faculté des arts, Université d’Ottawa
Un outil mis en ligne par le Bureau de la traduction, Services publics et Approvisionnement Canada

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## Liens connexes

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